Mini GeoMICROBE sampler in coral reef water

             I moved to Taiwan to work as an assistant professor at the Institute of Oceanography at the prestigious National Taiwan University. I am so lucky to be funded to conduct a survey about the dissolved organic chemistry of coral waters around the beautiful Taiwan Island. I form a new research team and built a mini size monitoring/sampling submersible instrumentation, named "Mini  GeoMICROBE". Here are a short movie and some photos of us working underwater, collecting time-series reef water samples. A big difference between my previous sandy/muddy CORK sampling site and my current coral reef water sampling sites is the colorful coral ecosystem. There are colorful fish and sea turtles. Another big difference is that I am actually "in" the studied seawater, not being separated by the sphere of a submersible. 

           我現在台灣擔任助理教授的工作，幸運地得到研究經費可以研究珊瑚礁水域的有機物，為了可以得到高頻率的海水與懸浮顆粒樣品，我重新建造了一個小的水下採樣監測儀器，主要的原件為採購自美國麻省的麥克連研究實驗室(McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.) 的二十四項閥自動採水器，我們之後會加裝上溫度、鹽度、螢光與溶氧探針。目前自動採水器的部分，已經成功地在台灣東南方小琉球島的珊瑚礁水域施放與回收，得到每兩小時的時序樣品。以前在夏威夷跟柯恩老師(Dr. Cowen)建造的的大採樣器要用大研究船的絞機才有辦法施放，這個迷你型的採樣器，只要四個壯丁，就可以扛到水中放置固定與回收，運氣好的時候，還可以遇到海龜喔。

Catie Graver Interview 凱蒂格孚訪談

Catie Graver, one of the female crews in the Shipboard Scientific Services Group on Research Vessel Atlantis. Catie is a shipboard technician and holds a bachelor degree in oceanography. Therefore, she knows what we scientists want and is able to assist us in a timely manner. I am always impressed by her hard-working attitude. When she operates the A-frame, she always gently lowers down or lifts Alvin for deployment or recovery. I feel that the A-frame is an extension of Catie's arm.

Many of Catie's words during the interview really stick to my mind

• "If you don't think there is a difference (between male and female), there should probably not a difference."
• "Just do Things." 
• "Don't think there is a limitation to yourself".

PS: Dr. Jim Cowen often said the last two phases to encourage me. These two phases have helped me through many of my struggles and hesitations.

我跟凱蒂一起出海好多次了，她大學時主修海洋學，因此更知道在船上怎麼協助科學家，她總是用最快的方式幫我們解決問題。我最欣賞的是她認真做事的態度，尤其是她在操作船後方的A型大吊臂時，總是可以把艾文號(Alvin)輕輕地放入或抬出水面，大吊臂就像是她手臂延伸般的輕巧。

凱蒂在訪問中說的一些話，深植在我腦中，摘錄於此
『我覺得如果妳不去想男女有不同，真的就是沒有甚麼不一樣的』
『做就是了!』
『不要限制自己』

PS: 後面這兩句也是柯恩教授常跟我而提面命的，當遇到瓶頸或是猶豫不決的時候，多想想這兩句話，常常就讓我豁然開朗，然後可以繼續努力下去~

Females on the ship 船上工作的女生Part 2

I understand many of you may think that working on a ship is too challenging, especially for a female, in a man-dominated work environment. Therefore, I use my chance to interview female crews during my 2014 expedition (AT26-18) on Research Vessel Atlantis. Let's hear what they say about their work and life on a ship. They all encourage you to not limit yourself from pursuing a job that requires you to be at sea.

我想很多人都覺得在船上工作挑戰性太大了，尤其是對女性而言，畢竟現在船上大多的船員仍還是以男性為主，因此，我利用我2014年暑假的航次，訪問了幾位女性船員，接下來我會陸續放上訪問的影片，讓我們好好聽聽看她們的故事，以及她們如何鼓勵妳們選擇可以從事這樣一個特別的工作。

(right) Catie Graver

(Middle) Huei-Ting Lin. That is me! 就是我拉~

(Right) Huei-Ting Lin. Me again. 我戴工頭帽，做最後檢查中。

Tina working in a argon-nitrogen glove bag. 

The purpose was to prevent oxygen in the air from contacting our samples. 

我很認真地在船上實驗室工作，這個氮氣箱是

用來阻擋大氣中的氧氣與樣品接觸。 

(left to right: Beth Orcutt!, (Geoff's student?), Everett Omori, Keir Becker,

 Katie Inderbitzen)  

Mitzi Crane 這是我們這航次的大副，她其實具有船長的身分喔!

Goodbye Jim (Dr. Cowen) 再見了，柯恩教授~

I have not been blogging for quite a while. One of the reason was that I lost my dearest mentor, Dr. James Cowen, on July 26, 2013. He was such a tremendous supporter and believer in me. It is because of him, I am who I am now. Thank you Jim and Goodbye. You will always be remembered and we will carry on your research in GeoMicrobiology and lead the Team GeoMICROBE to the next stage. 

我已經快兩年沒有更新這個部落格了，其中一個原因是因為我的指導教授柯恩先生在2013年的暑假因為癌症而去世了，他一直都是最支持我最相信我會成為一個比他還棒的海洋學家，我今天的學術成就，都要歸功於他，柯恩教授，謝謝你的指導，我們會永遠記得你，也會持續在地質微生物學上努力，並且領導我們團隊走到下一個階段。

James Prather Cowen

March 11, 1951 to July 26, 2013

James “Jim” Cowen, born in Dayton, OH, passed away after a prolonged battle with cancer. He is survived by his wife, Beverly Quon, his sons, Nathan and John L., his father, John B., his brother, Robert, and Robert's family. He was predeceased by his mother, Virginia Prather, and his brother John B., Jr.

Jim had a love of the ocean that carried him through both his professional and personal life. Jim earned both a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Biology and a Master's degree in Biology at the University of California at Santa Barbara.  In 1983, he completed his PhD in Biology (Oceanography) at the University of California at Santa Cruz. Following Jim's postdoctoral work at the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Seattle, WA, he accepted a faculty position at the University of Hawaii in the Department of Oceanography.

During Jim's 27 years at UH, he served terms as the Associate Chair of the Department of Oceanography, the Division Head of the Marine Geochemistry and Geophysics Department, and was a member of the UH Faculty Senate. Jim's multifaceted, interdisciplinary research focused on the microbial geochemistry of the subseafloor biosphere. His extensive research and fieldwork on scientific cruises led to his development of novel instrumentations and to numerous publications and grants from the National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Moore Foundation, NOAA, and Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI). Jim took particular joy in mentoring undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. He taught in the Sea to Ship to Classroom programs and served as a board member of the Montessori Community School. He was recognized nationally and internationally for his accomplishments including his recent service as a Consortium of Ocean Leadership Distinguished Lecturer.

Jim was an intelligent, warm, caring, and generous person. He spent many days guiding and nurturing his sons, teaching them more than he may have realized. Until his final days, he loved being in the water, paddling and windsurfing in Kailua Bay, exploring Mexico's surf spots, sailing in Santa Cruz, and swimming in the pool. Our home was built by his craftsmanship, and our family was built by his love. He will be missed greatly.

Cowen Family

柯恩教授
1961年3月11日-2013年7月26號
詹姆斯柯恩(James Cowen) 出生在美國奧亥俄州的Dayton鎮，他人生的最後幾年都與癌症纏鬥，但是最終不敵病魔，離開我們。

Jim在生時非常熱愛海洋，不管是他的職業或是生活都與海洋息息相關，他在加州聖塔芭芭拉大學拿到環境生物學的學士學位，以及生物學的碩士學位，並在1983年在加州聖塔克魯斯分校拿到了海洋生物學的博士學位。緊接著畢業後，他在美國的海洋大氣總署在西雅圖的研究中心當了博士後研究員，並且很順利的在夏威夷大學的海洋系拿到教授的職位。

Jim在夏威夷大學擔任教授的27年中，他曾經當過海洋系的副所長，海化與地化組的組長，同時也是夏威夷大學的教授代表(可以直接跟校長提出建言的人)。Jim利用跨領域的研究方式專攻了解海床底下的微生物圈，他獲得來自美國海洋大氣總署，Moore Foundation，美國太空總署，以及美國國科會的各種研究經費。在他的研究過程中，設計並建造了許多絕無僅有的研究器材，也發表了許多的科學文獻。Jim尤其用心栽培學生，包含大專生、研究生以及博士後研究員，他也熱衷於各項推廣教育，包含"船上到教室"的活動，以及加入蒙特梭利學校的董事會。他是國際上備受尊崇的研究學者，並且被選為海洋領導者計畫的演講者(Consortium of Ocean Leadership Distinguished Lecturer)。


Jim是一個充滿智慧，善良，體貼而且慷慨的人，他花了許多的時間陪伴他的小孩，帶領他們成長，他帶給他小孩的遠比他自己想像的還多。一直到他過世的前幾天，他享受泡在水裡的樂趣，在家附近的Kailua灣划船與衝浪，到墨西哥的海岸探險衝浪，開帆船在聖塔克魯斯附近航行，在家裡跟學校的泳池游泳。他自己蓋了給家人住的房子，用他的愛蓋成的房子。他會永遠被懷念的。

柯恩家族

Work on R/V Atlantis 亞特蘭提司號上的工作照片

We are already more than half-way through the expedition. What are our UH gangs doing out there? Here are some photos to show you. 

航次已經 過了超過一半了，大家在船上都在幹嘛呢？咱們來瞧瞧吧！

Grieg was being interviewed. In the background is our modified Geomicrobe Sled.
來自夏威夷大學的格利克老師正在被訪問，背景中的是我們的迷你型採樣雪橇。

Grieg was so enthusiastic about his virus work.
談到他研究的題目"病毒"，格力克老師好興奮啊！

Oliver was working on setting up Mobile pump system (MPS) on JASON's front basket.

謝志強大人正在把我們的超強採水系統架設到傑森號的前方菜籃中。 

Our longtime collaborator, Dr. Eric Oslon from University of Washington, was showing Oliver and Jannai how to use a a pre-evacuated glass flask to subsample basement fluids.
來自西雅圖華盛頓大學的奧思洛博士正在教志強還有佳奈使用特殊的玻璃瓶子分裝樣品，這個特殊的容器是抽真空的，以防大氣中的空氣污染了我們的底液樣品。

Eric showing Jannai how to prepare a gastight sampler.
奧思洛博士示範如何準備氣密採水器。

Abandon ship drill. Gummy suit.
棄船演習。超保暖救生衣。

Everett was getting gastights ready on the JASON's side basket.
唉煩特正在把氣密採水器放到傑森號的側邊菜籃子中。

Sean was getting his filtration gears ready.
蕭恩正在準備他的過濾系統。 

I really don't know what Bob was doing~~
ㄟ...巴博先生，我真不知道你在幹嘛啊！

Oliver was subsampling basement fluids into various kind of vials for different kinds of analysis.  To maintain cleanness, all the subsampling takes place inside a laminar flow hood. The high efficiency air filter can filter more than 99.999% particles.
志強正在幫我採樣，確保樣品不被船上空氣中的顆粒汙染，我們把整台無塵器帶到船上了。無塵器的過濾系統可以把空氣中大多數的顆粒隔離在外喔。 

Recovering the GeoMicrobe Sled 收回採樣雪橇

After sitting on the CORK head for two years, the GeoMicrobe Sled is finally getting closer to its way back to ship. The recovery of this sled turn out to be very challenging. During the first dive, we found out that our floatation packages were missing. We need the floats to bring the sled back. Our sled is still too heavy even if we attach all other smaller floats available on the ship. We decide to use remote operated vehicle Medea (http://www.whoi.edu/ndsfVehicles/Jason/) to help us pull the sled back. That isn't an easy task. We need to find a good/secured way to connect to Medea to the GeoMicrobe Sled. The scientists and the JASON team decided to use a strong rope with a shackle at the end to attach sled to the Medea. Can you imaging using two pairs of chopsticks to tight a shackle? That is exactly what the JASON pilots need to do with JASON's two manipulators. The pilot was so skillful and our sled was successfully attached to Medea and it's on it's way back right now~~ 

我們的採樣雪橇孤零零的在水下觀測井的平台等待我們迎接它回來，一等就是兩年，這之間不知道發生什麼事，原本掛在採樣雪橇上的浮球組，整個不見了，沒有浮球，我們就沒有足夠的浮力把雪橇帶回來。而且採樣雪橇太重了，即使把船上現有的全部浮球裝上去，都還不夠，因此我們希望利用遠端遙控潛水艇米迪雅(Medea http://www.whoi.edu/ndsfVehicles/Jason/) 幫我們把雪橇拉回船上。說起來簡單，但是光要把採樣雪橇跟米迪雅連在一起，就是個大工程了，科學家們跟潛水艇機長們決定用一條很強壯的繩子，用傑森號的機械手臂，利用英文叫做shackle的掛鉤，串到採樣雪橇上，想想傑森號的船長跟發號施令的科學家都在船上，而傑森號跟採樣雪橇都遠在2600米深的海床上，就像是要我們用兩雙筷子鎖螺絲釘，並不是簡單的任務，但大家協力辦到了，採樣雪橇正在返回船上中，好令人期待啊！

GeoMicrobe Sled in sight. There is no floatation attached.
採樣雪橇靜靜的在等我們，上面沒有浮球了。

The hook like tool is called shackle.
左上的螢幕中間的白色鉤鉤就是英文的shackle。

JASON's left hand is a shackle. Right hand is a bolt that can close the shackle hooked to the sled.
傑森號右手的是可以串過shackle的螺絲。 

Hooking the shackle to the GeoMicrobe Sled.
試著把shackle串進採樣雪橇的掛鉤中。 

Shackle is in position. Tightening. Better seen in the left bottom panel.
串好了，得把螺絲旋緊來。左下角的圖片可以很明顯地看到螺絲旋進shackel中。

Jason back off from the GeoMicrobe Sled. Trying to see if Medea can lift the GeoMicrobe Sled up.
傑森號往後退，看看米迪雅是否可以把採樣雪橇拉起來。 

GeoMicrobe Sled is up!!
採樣雪橇被拉離水下觀測井的平台了。






(two hours later)
(兩小時候）

Pulling Medea off the water.
把米迪雅拉出水面。

Ｍedea is on deck.
米迪雅到船上了。

JASON is off the water.
傑森號拉出水面。

GeoMicrobe Sled off the water. 

採樣雪橇～～你終於回來了！！

After TWO years of waiting. Sled is back on deck!!

等了兩年，好期待分析樣品後得到的數據！！

Sampling for gas content analysis

Follow the team on live streaming 海上研究現場直播

After a whole year of waiting, we finally have the chance to back to our Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank study site to retrieve our GeoMicrobe Sled back. This year, the research vessel Atlantis is upgraded to broad band live streaming. http://explorationnow.org/atlantis/ You will be able to see us working in the main science lab, on the deck and seafloor operation of remote operated vehicle JASON.

經過一整年漫長的等待，我們終於得到機會可以回到研究區域把我們的採樣雪橇領回來了，而且今天使用的研究船還有即時線上直播， 大家可以點到下面的連結觀看喔。
http://explorationnow.org/atlantis/

Science Writing for general public 書寫科普文章

Scientists like me have spent lots of time in our research. We wrote scientific papers to publish our work in scientific journals. However, these papers are usually too difficult for general public, including my friends and family, to understand. Although most of my friends and family "seem" to know that I have worked on something very interesting and very important. But do they really know what I am doing? Nope. The gap between scientists and the general public is even larger and this gas really needs to be filled up. But how? Today I attended a science writing workshop. We talked a lot about what scientists can do and how we can prepare ourselves to write our own work for general public.

像我這種整天泡在實驗室，偶而出野外採樣，耗了好多的時間跟精力去了解未知的海洋環境，雖然自己覺得自己從事的科學研究很重要、很酷，我的家人跟是我身邊的朋友"似乎"也覺得我做的工作很特別，但老實說，大家對我真的在做什麼，真的不太清楚，更不用說一般大眾對於科學研究的認知，那是一個很大的斷層。

尤其在台灣，即使是國高中的教科書，基本上裡面是沒有的收納台灣先端的研究成果，讓我出來讀海洋博士的一個重要轉捩點，是我看到高中教科書中一張台灣附近的海流圖，用的是1960年代日本科學家的研究成果，天啊，台灣的海洋研究並非停留在1960年代，但是為何教科書裡的資料卻不更新呢？所以我知道在台灣，科學研究跟一般大眾認知間的差距，更是大，所以我常常在想要怎樣才能拉近這個差距呢？

一個很重要的一步，應該是踏出我所熟習的科學術語跟科學文章，用簡單的話語，把真正的科學研究精確無誤的傳達給大眾們知道，可是，要怎麼做呢？對我而言，寫科學文章已經很難了，要盡量不用科學術語，卻得把科學的內容完整又"有趣"的介紹給你們，我覺得更難了。今天我們學院辦了一個關於書寫科普文章的研討會，我有所收穫，因此把一些重要的內容放到部落格與你們分享。

NO JdFR flank expedition on Langseth 航次取消通知-第二發

Final decision about JdF flank expedition on Langseth: **NO**
替代航次取消通知


Since the cancellation of our research cruise using R/V Thomas G. Thompson, our chief scientist, UNOLS(http://www.unols.org/), NSF and the JASON team have been trying really hard to reschedule another backup cruise to retrieve important sampling systems that have been deployed for a year. Unfortunate, there will be a domino effect if they squeeze our cruise in between already fully-scheduled ship and submersible plans so that the final decision is still a "NO." We have to leave those sampling equipment, including our precious GeoMICROBE sled and the samples collected over the past year, on the seafloor for at least another year. Let's hope the best that we get to sail out again.


自從兩個禮拜前，我們的JdFR航次被取消後，首席科學家Dr. Andy Fisher，與美國國科會，美國海洋研究船聯繫網，以及研究潛水艇傑森號的機組人員，不斷的在溝通與協調，希望能夠在挪出幾天的船期與潛水艇時間，讓我們可以取回已經施放在海床上將近一年的採樣儀器。然而，這種決定會產生一連串的骨牌效應，甚至影響到明年一整年的全美的其他研究航次，所以只好決定犧牲，以降低影響的層面，我們只好期待明年我們能夠順順利利的出海，並且把儀器跟樣品成功的收回。這個突發事件其實並不是那麼不可預期的，畢竟我們進行的這種深海研究，所需要的背後支援是相當龐大的，因此，每一次的研究航次，在海上順利作業的每一天，讓我們都是很心存感激的。


Here is the message from our chief scientist.
下面是首席科學家給我們的通知信內容

Hi, Folks,
After a protracted process of discussion and planning, our expedition has been scrubbed for the second time in three weeks. That is not quite accurate, as we were never officially on Langseth...but it sure seemed like we were for a few days...we did our best to get even a few days to recover critical systems, but no joy.
Big breath, let's see what we can do about scheduling for 2013.
Take care, Andy


Below is the message from Dr. James Cowen.
下面是我們家的大老闆柯恩教授寫給我們的信，我把其中一句用紅色標出，那句話是說，閃電不會打在同一個地方兩次，所以我們明年的航次一定可以順順利利的進行的。

Dear colleagues,

The cruise is officially cancelled. We will need to remove the last two pallets from the container tomorrow morning and I will have the empty container picked up tomorrow noonish. Oliver can manage this with Phil's help. We will then all need to remove our gear from Phil's hanger as soon as is practical.
There is still a very outside possibility that we could have the opportunity to send one person on the Tivey/Butterfield cruise to pick up our GeoM sled, but this would involve only a minimum of gear that would FedEx. 
I am sorry that this happened, but what can you do. I greatly appreciate everyone's help in gearing up for this cruise (multiple times) and your patience and flexibility throughout the process. We will be rescheduled for next summer and lightening never strikes twice in the same place.

aloha, Jim

TN-284 **cancelled for 2012** 航次取消通知

7/26 update, TN-284 **cancelled for 2012**

Our research cruise is officially cancelled. Below is the message from our Chief Scientist, Dr. Andy Fisher: 


Hi Folks: 
The best possible outcome is that TGT gets back in the water on 8/8, not enough time for a partial TN-284 program this summer. Our project is deferred to Summer 2013.
I will be back in touch with the co-PI group to gather information concerning what we may wish to do about scheduling for next year. We can get our preferences into consideration, and press for getting a good match to our scheduling needs having been scrubbed from 2012.
I wish this could have ended otherwise.
Best wishes, Andy  

經過幾天的等待，我們得到最新的消息，航次因為研究船湯馬斯號，確定要到八月八號後才會修好，因為八月十一號又得進港，這四天的時間不足夠讓我們進行"短航次"，畢竟到研究地點來回就要花上兩整天的時間，因此今年的研究航次取消了。首席科學家的信中，有提到航次將延到明年暑假，讓我們期待明年的研究航次吧！


航次的取消的確讓人很沮喪，畢竟我們花了將近一整年的時間在準備，但往好處想，我們將會有另一整年的時間可以好好準備下個航次，我們將會作得更好的。

See our team in Scientific Drilling cover

Scientific Drilling cover

Link

Ship-to-Shore webcast guest: Dr. Keir Becker遠端視訊訪問，邁阿密大學貝克教授

Ship-to-shore webcast 遠端視訊連線訪問

Guest: Dr. Keir Becker 契爾·貝克教授

Dr. Keir Becker is a professor at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami. His expertise is in heat flow and hydrothermal circulation in the oceanic crust; permeability and porosity of oceanic crust; borehole hydrogeological observatories. He has participated in many drilling lags of Ocean Drilling Program and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. He has also have lots of dive experiences. Dr. Becker participated in the design of CORK observatory and is a pioneer scientist to use CORK observatory to conduct in situ experiments obtain data for hydrogeological and seismic studies. To know more about CORK, please read his paper “A review of CORK designs and operations during the Ocean Drilling Program” (link provided at the end of the article).

  

貝克教授任教於邁阿密大學大氣海洋學院，他的專長是測量熱流量與水壓的變化，來了解岩石的總孔隙度與空隙的連通度，並將這些資料運用在海洋岩石中的熱液循環的研究，他參與過許多的海洋鑽探航次，以及有許多的使用研究潛水艇的經驗。他是水下觀測井的設計者之一，也是最早使用水下觀測井來作實驗以了解海洋岩石圈中的水文系統的科學家之一，在一篇他撰寫的文章中，他詳細的介紹了過去三十年來，水下觀測井設計與建造的來龍去脈。

Here is a short excerpt of the historic review in this article: The origins of the CORK experiment can be traced back to discussions during a 1987 workshop on wireline reentry of deep-sea boreholes. By that time, considerable experience had been gained in interpreting thermal observations* of vertical flow in Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and ODP holes left open between permeable formation and ocean bottom water (e.g., Hyndman et al., 1976; Becker et al., 1983). However, we recognized that such borehole flow, which seemed to be fairly common in holes penetrating through sediments into oceanic basement, represented serious perturbations to the hydrological systems we were attempting to study via scientific ocean drilling; thus, some sort of sealed-hole experiment was necessary to allow reestablishment of equilibrium in in situ conditions to understand hydrogeologic state and processes. ……The first two installations, …… were successfully completed during Leg 139 in the summer of 1991 (Davis et al.,1992).  

* Back in 1960s, scientists have made calculations based on the cooling of oceanic crust to estimate the temperature of surface sediments on the seafloor. However, the actual measured surface sediment temperatures are much cooler than the estimated values. Scientists proposed that there must be hydrothermal circulation to remove the heat from the oceanic crust. That leads to the discovery of hydrothermal vents in the late 1970s. The more rapid and larger volume of hydrothermal circulation, the faster the cooling.   

2011 Ship to Shore Video

2011 AT18-07 Ship to shore video 西元2011年航次AT18-07海上科學家與台灣惠文高中連線之影片


2011.07.02 R/V Atlantis Expedition AT18-07 - Video1

The evolution of Mobile Pumping System(MPS). 超強採水系統的演進

The evolution of Mobile Pumping System(MPS). 超強採水系統的演進

First generation-2008 
It composed of a large volume bag, a mechanical three way valve and a Seabird pump. Ryan, although was just an undergraduate student helper, put this all together. At that time, we did not realize that the ~300 m long 1/4'' O.D. stainless steel fluid delivery line could generate such a large resistance to prevent over-pressured basement fluid from coming up to the seafloor at a higher flow rate. A pelagic pump was used on our third trial and we were able to collect about 4 L of good pristine basement fluids. The idea of integrating a powerful, clean pump to our pumping system was formed.  
第一代超強採水系統。它包含大體積採樣袋、手動三向閥和小抽水馬達，這些都是由實驗室的大學部助理萊恩所組合起來。此系統是本實驗室第一次用來抽取底夜樣品，由於經驗不足，並不了解內徑僅0.3公分的三百公尺底夜輸送管會造成很大的反壓，因而導致所選用的小馬達只協助採了四公升的樣品。

Questions about subseafloor biosphere research 海下生物圈研究之相關問題

Some students from Taipei First Girls High School are sincere followers of our 
research team and they have asked lots of interesting questions. Many of the 
questions answered by Dr. James Cowen. Let’s see what his answers are. Please also feel free to write down your questions in the “comment” options below and we’d love to answer your questions too.  *click the link below to know more about Taipei First Girls High School http://www.fg.tp.edu.tw/EnglishPage/index.php
By the way, the oceanic crustal fluids that we collected are "SALTY" water. Their salinity is very similar to seawater. The crustal fluids we collected at Juan de Fuca Ridge flank have higher salinity because these fluids were originate from bottom seawater during last glacial maximum (Elderfield et al., 1998).


下面是台灣北一女中的學生們在閱讀我們的部落格後，所提出的一些有趣的問題，而我的指導老師柯恩教授很努力用簡單的英文詳細的回答，希望這些問答也能夠幫助你更瞭解我們的研究。
從學生的問題中，我發現很多人似乎把流動在海洋岩石圈中的水跟陸地的地下水都想成是淡水，請記得，海洋岩石中流動的水，基本上是源自於海水，所以是鹹水，鹽度跟海水很接近，如果是上次冰期時的海水灌入而成的海下地下水，鹽度甚至還會比現在海水還高一點。

1.  What do the microbes in underground water absorb for live?        海下岩石水圈中的生物是吸收什麼物質來生活呢？       Subseafloor microorganisms requirements are similar to microbes from anywhere.  They must obtain carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and a host of other minor and trace elements.       這些生物跟地球上其他的生物一樣，需要主要元素包含碳、氮、磷跟硫，以及其他的次要元素跟微量元素等。
Mascarelli, Nature, 2009

TEAM MEMBERS 團隊成員

Current Team Members 現在成員介紹

林卉婷 Dr. Huei-Ting (Tina) Lin

（哈哈～換我當“老闆”了） Team leader

 

(右邊Right ) 張旭明 Hsu Ming (Miranda) Chang 

勞苦功高的研究助理

Hard working research assistant

楊朝源 Chou-Yuan Yang

常常忘東忘西，卻也聰明絕頂，熱愛海洋的研究生

Ocean lover M.S. student

(右邊 Right ) 謝志強 Chih-Chiang (Oliver) Hsieh

隨傳隨到，超強水下採樣器專家，

兼本實驗室的“義工” 

Volunteer, an underwater sampler expert  

Former Team Members 過去成員介紹

＊Dr. James Cowen

       Research Professor

＊Brian Glazer

       Assoc. Professor 

＊Mike Rappe
       Assoc. Professor 

＊Alberto Robador

       PostDoctoral Researchers

＊Robert (Bob) Bowers

       PostDoctoral Researchers 

＊Huei-Ting (Tina) Lin

       Graduate Students

＊Sean Jungbluth

       Graduate Students